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Nobel Prizes, Explained

One Nobel Prize per issue: what was discovered, what it means for the rest of us, and what it shares with other fields

2020–2026 · physics chemistry medicine economics literature · plus three Turing Awards · daily · a new year each October

Physics

2026HalzenIceCube and cosmic neutrinos
2025Clarke · Devoret · MartinisMacroscopic quantum tunnelling in a circuit
2024Hopfield · HintonMemories as hollows in a landscape; learning by waking and dreaming
2023Agostini · Krausz · L'HuillierAttosecond pulses of light
2022Aspect · Clauser · ZeilingerEntanglement and Bell inequalities
2021Manabe · Hasselmann · ParisiClimate models and complex systems
2020Penrose · Genzel · GhezBlack holes and the galactic centre

Chemistry

2026Kagan · SoaiNon-linear effects and autocatalysis
2025Kitagawa · Robson · YaghiMetal–organic frameworks
2024Baker · Hassabis · JumperProtein design and structure prediction
2023Bawendi · Brus · YekimovQuantum dots
2022Bertozzi · Meldal · SharplessClick and bioorthogonal chemistry
2021List · MacMillanAsymmetric organocatalysis
2020Charpentier · DoudnaCRISPR genome editing

Physiology or Medicine

2026Deisseroth · Hegemann · NagelLight-gated ion channels and optogenetics
2025Brunkow · Ramsdell · SakaguchiPeripheral immune tolerance
2024Ambros · RuvkunMicroRNA
2023Karikó · WeissmanBase modifications for mRNA vaccines
2022PääboGenomes of extinct hominins
2021Julius · PatapoutianReceptors for temperature and touch
2020Alter · Houghton · RiceDiscovering hepatitis C

Economic Sciences

2026TBATo be announced
2025Mokyr · Aghion · HowittInnovation-driven sustained growth
2024Acemoglu · Johnson · RobinsonInstitutions and prosperity
2023GoldinWomen in the labour market
2022Bernanke · Diamond · DybvigBanks and financial crises
2021Card · Angrist · ImbensNatural experiments and causality
2020Milgrom · WilsonAuction theory and new formats

Literature

2026Anne CarsonNew forms in dialogue with the classics
2025László KrasznahorkaiArt amid apocalyptic terror
2024Han KangPoetic prose confronting historical trauma
2023Jon FosseGiving voice to the unsayable
2022Annie ErnauxThe roots and restraints of personal memory
2021Abdulrazak GurnahColonialism and the fate of the refugee
2020Louise GlückAn austere, unmistakable poetic voice

Turing Award · guest entries

Computing’s highest honour, not a Nobel; three years chosen for where they cross into other fields

2025Bennett · BrassardQuantum information and cryptography
2024Barto · SuttonFoundations of reinforcement learning
2023WigdersonRandomness and the theory of computation